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1. Windows 7 command prompt commands pdf how to#
2. Windows 7 command prompt commands pdf software#
3. Windows 7 command prompt commands pdf code#

You should see a directory path printed out (probably something like /home/YOUR_USERNAME), then another copy of that odd bit of text. Click the mouse into the window to make sure that’s where your keystrokes will go, then type the following command, all in lower case, before pressing the Enter or Return key to run it.

Windows 7 command prompt commands pdf software#

But these days it’s far more common to use a software terminal: that same old Unix-style text interface, but running in a window alongside your graphical programs. In theory you could even hook up one of those old 1970s terminals to a modern Linux box, and access the shell through that. The core part of Linux is designed to behave similarly to a Unix system, such that most of the old shells and other text-based programs run on it quite happily. Don’t worry too much about which shell you have, all the content in this tutorial will work on just about all of them. The original Unix shell program was just called sh, but it has been extended and superceded over the years, so on a modern Linux system you’re most likely to be using a shell called bash.

Windows 7 command prompt commands pdf code#

Users could even write simple code (called “shell scripts”) which could be used to automate long series of shell commands in order to make complex tasks easier. By wrapping the user’s commands this “shell” program, as it was known, could provide common capabilities to any of them, such as the ability to pass data from one command straight into another, or to use special wildcard characters to work with lots of similarly named files at once. In order to coordinate the execution of each of these programs, the user would connect to one single master program that could then be used to launch any of the others. Whether creating files, renaming them, putting them into subdirectories or moving them around on disk, users in the 70s could do everything entirely with a textual interface.Įach of these tasks required its own program or command: one to change directories ( cd), another to list their contents ( ls), a third to rename or move files ( mv), and so on. When logged into a Unix mainframe via a terminal users still had to manage the sort of file management tasks that you might now perform with a mouse and a couple of windows. This speed and efficiency is one reason why this text interface is still widely used today. The commands were also kept very terse to reduce the number of keystrokes needed, speeding up people’s use of the terminal even more. Even on machines from the 1970s, running hundreds of terminals across glacially slow network connections (by today’s standards), users were still able to interact with programs quickly and efficiently. Obviously, therefore, any programs that ran on the mainframe had to produce text as an output and accept text as an input.Ĭompared with graphics, text is very light on resources. Everything was sent as text, and received as text.

There was no mouse, no fancy graphics, not even any choice of colour. Instead they would just send keystrokes to the server and display any data they received on the screen. These terminals were pretty basic by modern standards: just a keyboard and screen, with no power to run programs locally. It was designed to run as a multi-user system on mainframe computers, with users connecting to it remotely via individual terminals. A brief history lessonĭuring the formative years of the computer industry, one of the early operating systems was called Unix.

This tutorial includes some specfic steps for Ubuntu 18.04 but most of the content should work regardless of your Linux distribution.

Windows 7 command prompt commands pdf how to#